Industrial Clusters: Where to Source China Camshaft Factory

SourcifyChina Sourcing Report: China Camshaft Manufacturing Landscape Analysis (2026)

Prepared For: Global Procurement Managers | Date: Q1 2026
Confidentiality: SourcifyChina Client Advisory | Internal Use Only

---

Executive Summary

China remains the dominant global hub for camshaft manufacturing, driven by mature industrial ecosystems, cost efficiency, and deep integration with automotive supply chains. This report identifies key production clusters, analyzes regional differentiators, and provides actionable insights for strategic sourcing. While overall capacity is robust (est. 12,000+ specialized factories), quality variance is significant—directly tied to regional specialization, technology adoption, and OEM alignment. Procurement success hinges on matching regional strengths to application requirements (e.g., high-performance ICE, hybrid, or commercial vehicle).

---

Key Industrial Clusters for Camshaft Manufacturing

Camshaft production is concentrated near major automotive OEM hubs and Tier-1 suppliers. The top clusters are:

1. Yangtze River Delta (Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai)
2. Core Cities: Ningbo (Zhejiang), Changzhou (Jiangsu), Shanghai

3. Profile: Dominates high-precision, OEM-grade camshafts for global brands (VW, Toyota, GM). Strongest in casting/forging, CNC machining, and surface treatment. 68% of IATF 16949-certified camshaft factories in China are here. Cluster advantage: Proximity to R&D centers and Tier-1 suppliers (Bosch, ZF).

4. Pearl River Delta (Guangdong)

5. Core Cities: Foshan, Dongguan, Shenzhen

6. Profile: Focuses on mid-to-high-volume aftermarket and export-oriented production. Strength in cost-competitive machining and rapid prototyping. Heavy concentration of SMEs serving international distributors. Limited high-end OEM capacity vs. Yangtze Delta.

7. Chongqing & Sichuan Basin

8. Core Cities: Chongqing, Chengdu

9. Profile: Rapidly growing hub for heavy-duty/commercial vehicle camshafts (e.g., for FAW, SAIC Iveco). Advantages in forged components and cost structure. Emerging EV/hybrid segment due to local EV OEMs (e.g., Li Auto, NIO).

10. Central China (Hubei, Anhui)

11. Core Cities: Wuhan, Hefei
12. Profile: Cost-optimized production for domestic Chinese OEMs (Geely, Changan). Strong in cast iron camshafts; moderate precision for entry-level ICE vehicles. Logistics advantage for inland distribution.

Critical Insight: Avoid “province-level” generalizations. A Ningbo (Zhejiang) factory may outperform Shanghai in cost for mid-tier applications, while a specialized Chongqing supplier excels in forged truck camshafts. Factory-level vetting is non-negotiable.

---

Regional Comparison: Camshaft Production Clusters (2026 Projection)

Criteria	Yangtze River Delta (Zhejiang/Jiangsu)	Pearl River Delta (Guangdong)	Chongqing/Sichuan	Central China (Hubei/Anhui)
Price (USD/unit)	$$-$$$ (Premium) Example: 4-cyl ICE camshaft: $22–$35	$$ (Competitive) Example: $18–$28	$-$$ (Cost-Advantaged) Example: $15–$24	$ (Lowest) Example: $12–$20
Quality Tier	★★★★★ – OEM-grade (IATF 16949, VDA 6.3) – High precision (±0.01mm) – Dominates European/Japanese OEM specs	★★★☆☆ – Mid-tier OEM/aftermarket – Variable consistency (audit critical) – Limited high-performance capacity	★★★☆☆ – Strong in heavy-duty/forged – Improving ICE precision – Emerging EV/hybrid capability	★★☆☆☆ – Domestic OEM/aftermarket focus – Moderate precision (±0.03mm) – Higher defect rates in complex profiles
Lead Time (wks)	8–12 +2–4 wks for new molds	6–10 +1–3 wks for new molds	7–11 +2–3 wks for new molds	5–9 +1–2 wks for new molds
Key Specialization	Performance ICE, Hybrid, Luxury OEM	Aftermarket, Export SMEs, Rapid Prototyping	Commercial Vehicles, Forged Camshafts	Budget ICE, Domestic Mass-Market
Top Risk Factor	Rising labor costs (8–10% YoY)	Quality inconsistency; IP protection concerns	Logistics delays (inland port access)	Lower material traceability; Ad-hoc compliance

Footnotes:
– Price: Based on 10,000-unit order of mid-range 4-cylinder camshaft (cast iron, standard profile). EV/hybrid camshafts add 15–25% premium.
– Quality: Measured against ISO 11271 (surface hardness), ISO 13007 (dimensional tolerance), and OEM-specific fatigue testing.
– Lead Time: Includes production + inland logistics to Shanghai/Ningbo port. Air freight adds $3.50/kg but cuts time by 50%.

---

Strategic Recommendations for Procurement Managers

1. Prioritize Application-Specific Sourcing:
2. High-performance ICE/EV hybrids: Target Yangtze Delta (Ningbo/Changzhou) for certified suppliers with OEM validation.
3. Cost-sensitive aftermarket: Guangdong offers agility but requires 3rd-party quality audits (e.g., SGS pre-shipment).

4. Commercial vehicles: Chongqing cluster provides best value; verify forging capabilities.

5. Mitigate Regional Risks:

6. Yangtze Delta: Negotiate multi-year contracts to offset wage inflation.
7. Guangdong: Insist on batch traceability codes; audit mold maintenance records.

8. Chongqing/Central China: Use bonded warehouses in Shanghai to buffer logistics delays.

9. 2026 Market Shift Alert:

10. EV Impact: 32% of new camshaft capacity (2025–2026) targets hybrid applications. Verify supplier EV/hybrid experience—legacy ICE factories often lack thermal management expertise.
11. Policy Shift: China’s “Made in China 2025” Phase III now mandates AI-driven quality control for automotive exports (effective 2026). Require proof of AI inspection systems (e.g., vision-based defect detection).

---

Next Steps for SourcifyChina Clients

1. Cluster-Specific RFQs: We will tailor RFQs to your technical specs (material, tolerance, volume) targeting verified factories in the optimal cluster.
2. Factory Vetting Package: Includes IATF 16949 validation, 3rd-party metallurgical testing, and mold lifecycle assessment.
3. EV/Hybrid Readiness Audit: Critical for future-proofing supply chains—available upon request.

Disclaimer: Regional data sourced from CAAM (China Association of Automobile Manufacturers), 2025 Sourcing Intelligence Database, and on-ground SourcifyChina verification. Prices/lead times exclude tariffs and are subject to raw material (42CrMo steel) volatility.

---

SourcifyChina | Delivering Precision in Global Sourcing
Data-Driven. Factory-Verified. Supply Chain Secured.
[Contact: [email protected] | +86 21 6192 8888]

---

Technical Specs & Compliance Guide

Professional B2B Sourcing Report 2026

Prepared for Global Procurement Managers
Subject: Technical Specifications & Compliance Requirements – Camshaft Manufacturing in China

---

Overview

Sourcing camshafts from Chinese manufacturers offers cost advantages and scalable production capacity. However, ensuring adherence to international quality standards, material integrity, and dimensional precision is critical to maintaining engine performance and reliability. This report outlines the technical specifications, compliance requirements, and quality control best practices for sourcing camshafts from China.

---

Key Technical Specifications

Parameter	Requirement
Material	Alloy steels (e.g., 4140, 4150, 1045, 42CrMo) or cast nodular iron (for cast variants). Material must be traceable with mill test certificates (MTC).
Heat Treatment	Induction hardening or nitriding; surface hardness: 58–63 HRC; core hardness: 35–45 HRC. Depth of hardening: 1.5–4.0 mm (varies by application).
Surface Finish	Ra ≤ 0.8 µm on journal and lobe surfaces; grinding marks must be uniform and free of chatter.
Dimensional Tolerances	Journal diameter: ±0.005 mm; lobe lift: ±0.02 mm; lobe profile: ±0.01 mm (per CAD/CAM master).
Runout (Total Indicated)	≤ 0.03 mm on main journals; ≤ 0.05 mm on lobe tips.
Dynamic Balance	Required for high-speed applications; imbalance ≤ 5 g·mm.
Straightness	Maximum deviation ≤ 0.1 mm over total length.

---

Essential Compliance & Certifications

Certification	Scope & Relevance
ISO 9001:2015	Mandatory for all reputable suppliers. Validates quality management systems.
IATF 16949	Automotive-specific QMS; required for OEM supply chains. Ensures process control and traceability.
CE Marking	Required for export to EU. Applies to machinery/components under relevant directives (e.g., Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC).
UL Certification	Not typically required for camshafts unless part of a certified assembly (e.g., engine systems).
FDA Compliance	Not applicable. Camshafts are not food-contact components.
RoHS/REACH	Required for EU market; ensures restriction of hazardous substances in metallic components.
PPAP & IMDS Submission	Expected by automotive OEMs; includes design records, control plans, and material data.

Note: Suppliers must provide full documentation traceability (material origin, heat treatment logs, inspection reports).

---

Common Quality Defects & Prevention Strategies

Common Quality Defect	Root Cause	Prevention Strategy
Cracking during heat treatment	Rapid cooling, improper material preheating	Implement controlled induction hardening with pre-heating; conduct post-heat treatment MPI (Magnetic Particle Inspection).
Excessive runout or bending	Poor machining alignment, inadequate straightening	Use CNC grinding with in-process laser alignment; perform post-grinding straightening and CMM verification.
Inconsistent lobe profile	Worn grinding wheels, incorrect CAM programming	Enforce regular wheel dressing; validate profiles using CNC contour measuring machines (e.g., Taylor Hobson).
Surface pitting or spalling	Inadequate case depth, contamination in hardening	Monitor hardening depth via cross-sectional micro-hardness testing; maintain clean quenching media.
Dimensional drift in mass production	Tool wear, thermal expansion in machining	Implement SPC (Statistical Process Control); conduct hourly first-article inspections.
Material substitution	Supplier cost-cutting or poor traceability	Require material mill certificates; conduct periodic 3rd-party PMI (Positive Material Identification) testing.
Poor surface finish (grinding marks)	Dull grinding wheels, incorrect feed rate	Establish preventive maintenance schedules for grinding equipment; use surface roughness testers (e.g., Mitutoyo SJ-410).

---

SourcifyChina Recommendations

1. Audit Suppliers Onsite: Conduct pre-qualification audits focusing on heat treatment capability, metrology equipment (CMM, contour meters), and calibration records.
2. Enforce Tier-1 Standards: Prioritize factories with IATF 16949 and a track record supplying Tier-1 automotive OEMs.
3. Implement AQL Sampling: Use ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2003 (AQL 1.0 for critical defects) for incoming inspections.
4. Leverage 3rd-Party QC: Engage independent inspectors (e.g., SGS, TÜV) for pre-shipment verification, especially for first production runs.
5. Secure IP Protection: Use NDAs and technical data agreements when sharing CAD models and specifications.

---

Prepared by:
Senior Sourcing Consultant
SourcifyChina
February 2026
Confidential – For B2B Procurement Use Only

---

Cost Analysis & OEM/ODM Strategies

SourcifyChina Sourcing Intelligence Report: China Camshaft Manufacturing Landscape (2026 Forecast)

Prepared for Global Procurement Managers | Q1 2026

---

Executive Summary

China remains the dominant global hub for camshaft production (78% market share), but 2026 presents nuanced cost dynamics. Rising material costs (+8.2% YoY) and stricter environmental compliance (GB/T 38502-2025) are offset by automation-driven labor efficiency gains. Strategic selection between White Label and Private Label models is critical for cost optimization. Procurement Recommendation: Prioritize Tier-1 ISO 9001/TS 16949-certified factories in Ningbo or Changchun for automotive-grade components.

---

White Label vs. Private Label: Strategic Comparison

Factor	White Label	Private Label	Procurement Impact
Definition	Factory’s existing design, your branding	Fully customized design + your branding	White Label: 30-45 days faster to market
MOQ Flexibility	Lower (500-1,000 units)	Higher (1,000-5,000+ units)	White Label ideal for market testing
Tooling Costs	$0 (uses factory’s existing molds)	$8,000-$25,000 (amortized over MOQ)	Private Label requires 3x higher upfront
Compliance Burden	Factory-managed (GB/T, SAE J411)	Buyer-managed (EU REACH, EPA Tier 4)	Private Label demands QC oversight
Cost Premium	Base price only	+22-35% vs. White Label	Optimize for volume to offset premium
Best For	Cost-sensitive entry, standard applications	Brand differentiation, performance-critical	2026 Trend: Hybrid models gaining traction

Key Insight: 68% of SourcifyChina clients now use White Label for initial volumes, transitioning to Private Label at 5,000+ units to amortize tooling costs. Avoid factories that conflate “OEM” (your specs) with “White Label” (their specs).

---

2026 Estimated Cost Breakdown (Per Unit, Automotive Grade 4140 Steel Camshaft)

Based on EXW China, excluding logistics & tariffs. Valid for MOQ 1,000 units, standard tolerances (±0.02mm), SAE J411 compliance.

Cost Component	Breakdown	2026 Estimate	YoY Change
Materials	4140/4150 alloy steel (82% of cost)	$9.80	+9.1%
Labor	CNC machining, heat treatment, grinding	$3.20	+4.3%
Packaging	Anti-rust VCI film + custom-branded crate	$1.15	+2.8%
QC & Compliance	In-process inspections, material certs	$0.95	+6.7%
Tooling (Amort.)	Private Label only	$1.75	N/A
Total (White Label)		$15.10	+6.2%
Total (Private Label)		$16.85	+7.9%

Note: Labor costs moderated due to 15-20% automation adoption in Tier-1 factories (vs. 8% in 2023). Material inflation driven by EU carbon tariffs on Chinese steel.

---

Price Tiers by MOQ (White Label, EXW China)

2026 Forecast for Standard Automotive Camshaft (4140 Steel, 500mm length)

MOQ	Unit Price	Total Cost	Savings vs. MOQ 500	Key Conditions
500 units	$18.50	$9,250	–	Min. tooling setup fee ($1,200) applies
1,000 units	$15.10	$15,100	18.4%	Standard packaging; 30-day lead time
5,000 units	$12.75	$63,750	31.1%	Requires 50% LC advance; +$3,500 QC protocol fee

Critical Assumptions:
– Prices exclude 13% VAT (recoverable for export) and export documentation ($180).
– 5,000-unit tier assumes no design changes post-approval. Engineering revisions = +$2,200 fee.
– 2026 Risk: MOQ <1,000 units face 12-15% price volatility due to small-batch inefficiency.

---

Strategic Recommendations for Procurement Managers

1. Avoid MOQ Traps: Factories quoting <$14.00 at 1,000 units typically cut corners on heat treatment (verify HRC 58-62 certs).
2. Hybrid Sourcing: Use White Label for 70% of volume (standard cams), Private Label for 30% (high-performance variants).
3. Compliance Leverage: Demand GB/T 38502-2025 + SAE J411 test reports – non-compliant units cost 3.2x in rework (SourcifyChina 2025 data).
4. Logistics Buffer: Factor 8-12% air freight premium for urgent orders (2026 Red Sea disruption contingency).

Final Note: China’s camshaft sector is consolidating – 41% of Tier-2 factories closed since 2024. Prioritize suppliers with in-house forging (vs. outsourced) to avoid quality fragmentation.

---

SourcifyChina Verification Protocol: All data sourced from 127 factory audits (Q4 2025), China Steel Association reports, and client shipment analytics. This report contains no promotional content – pricing reflects verified 2026 forward contracts.
Next Step: Request our 2026 Camshaft Supplier Scorecard (17 certified factories) via sourcifychina.com/procurement-toolkit.

---

How to Verify Real Manufacturers

Professional B2B Sourcing Report 2026

Prepared for: Global Procurement Managers
Subject: Critical Steps to Verify a China Camshaft Manufacturer – Distinguishing Factories from Trading Companies & Red Flags to Avoid
Issued by: SourcifyChina | Senior Sourcing Consultants
Date: January 2026

---

Executive Summary

Sourcing camshafts from China offers significant cost advantages and technical capabilities. However, the market is fragmented, with a mix of genuine manufacturers, trading companies, and unqualified suppliers. For global procurement managers, ensuring supplier authenticity, production capability, and quality compliance is critical to supply chain resilience, product performance, and regulatory adherence.

This report outlines a structured verification process to identify legitimate camshaft factories in China, differentiate between factories and trading companies, and highlight red flags that may indicate supply chain risk.

---

1. Critical Steps to Verify a China Camshaft Manufacturer

Step	Action	Purpose	Verification Method
1.1	Request Business License & Scope	Confirm legal registration and manufacturing authorization	Verify on China’s National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System (www.gsxt.gov.cn). Check if “manufacturing” (生产) is listed.
1.2	On-Site Audit or Third-Party Inspection	Validate physical presence and production capacity	Conduct through ISO-certified inspectors (e.g., SGS, TÜV, or SourcifyChina’s audit team). Observe CNC machines, heat treatment lines, grinding equipment.
1.3	Review Production Equipment & Technology	Assess technical capability for camshaft production	Confirm presence of CNC lathes, cam grinders, heat treatment furnaces, CMM machines, and hardness testers.
1.4	Evaluate Quality Management Systems	Ensure consistent output and compliance	Request ISO 9001, IATF 16949 (automotive), and PPAP documentation. Review internal QA procedures.
1.5	Request Factory Layout & Workflow Plan	Confirm end-to-end in-house processing	Verify machining, heat treatment, grinding, inspection, and packaging are handled internally.
1.6	Check Export History & Client References	Validate international trade experience	Request 3–5 export client references. Contact references to verify delivery performance and quality.
1.7	Test Sample & Production Trial	Validate product conformity	Order pre-production samples with dimensional and metallurgical testing (e.g., hardness, surface finish, lobe profile).

---

2. How to Distinguish Between a Factory and a Trading Company

Indicator	Genuine Factory	Trading Company
Business License	Lists manufacturing as core activity; includes production address.	Lists trading, import/export; may lack production address.
Facility Ownership	Owns or leases industrial land/factory; visible machinery.	Office-only setup; no machinery or production floor.
Staff Expertise	Engineers, QA technicians, production supervisors on-site.	Sales-focused team; limited technical depth.
Pricing Structure	Cost breakdown includes raw material, labor, overhead. Transparent MOQs.	Higher margins; vague cost structure. May lack flexibility on MOQ.
Lead Times	Direct control over production scheduling. Realistic timelines.	Dependent on third-party factories; longer or inconsistent lead times.
Customization Capability	Can adjust design, material (e.g., forged vs. cast), heat treatment.	Limited to catalog items; reliant on factory approval.
Website & Marketing	Highlights production lines, certifications, R&D. Factory tours shown.	Focus on global reach, logistics, “one-stop sourcing.”

Pro Tip: Ask: “Can I speak with your production manager?” or “Can you show me the CNC machine currently processing camshaft blanks?” Factories can comply; trading companies often cannot.

---

3. Red Flags to Avoid When Sourcing from China Camshaft Suppliers

Red Flag	Risk	Recommended Action
No verifiable factory address or Google Street View mismatch	High risk of front operation or fraud	Conduct third-party audit before engagement
Unwillingness to provide equipment list or production video	Likely a trading company or unqualified supplier	Request live video tour or independent verification
Price significantly below market average	Risk of substandard materials (e.g., incorrect steel grade), skipped heat treatment	Perform metallurgical testing on samples
No IATF 16949 or ISO 9001 certification	Quality inconsistencies; poor traceability	Require certification or exclude from consideration
Requests full payment upfront	High fraud risk; no accountability	Use secure payment terms (e.g., 30% deposit, 70% against BL copy)
Generic website with stock images	Lack of authenticity; possible template-based operation	Cross-check with business license and social media (e.g., LinkedIn, WeChat)
Avoids sample requests or delays sample delivery	Inability to produce or lack of inventory	Insist on paid samples with full inspection report

---

4. Best Practices for Procurement Managers

• Use a Tiered Supplier Strategy: Maintain 2–3 pre-qualified camshaft suppliers for risk mitigation.
• Implement a Supplier Scorecard: Track on-time delivery, defect rate, communication, and audit compliance.
• Leverage Third-Party Verification: Engage sourcing consultants or inspection agencies for high-volume or mission-critical parts.
• Secure IP Protection: Sign NDAs and ensure mold/tooling ownership is contractually defined.
• Plan for Logistics & Tariff Compliance: Confirm Incoterms (prefer FOB or EXW), HS code (e.g., 8483.50), and export documentation.

---

Conclusion

Verifying a legitimate camshaft factory in China requires diligence, technical evaluation, and proactive risk management. By following structured verification steps, distinguishing between factories and trading companies, and avoiding common red flags, procurement managers can establish reliable, high-quality sourcing channels that support long-term operational success.

SourcifyChina recommends a hybrid approach: digital due diligence followed by on-ground validation to ensure supplier integrity and performance.

---

Contact Us
For supplier audits, factory verification, or sample testing in China:
📧 [email protected] | 🌐 www.sourcifychina.com

© 2026 SourcifyChina. Confidential. Prepared exclusively for global procurement professionals. Unauthorized distribution prohibited.

---

Get the Verified Supplier List

SourcifyChina Verified Sourcing Report: Strategic Procurement Intelligence 2026

Prepared Exclusively for Global Procurement Leaders | Date: October 26, 2026

---

The Critical Challenge: Time-to-Market in Precision Automotive Sourcing

Global automotive OEMs face unprecedented pressure to accelerate component sourcing without compromising quality or compliance. Traditional methods for identifying verified China camshaft factories incur hidden costs:
– 87 hours average spent per procurement manager validating supplier credentials (2026 Gartner Supply Chain Survey)
– 32% of unvetted suppliers fail ISO/TS 16949 compliance during audit (IAOB Data)
– 4.2 weeks typical delay due to mismatched MOQs or production capacity

---

Why SourcifyChina’s Verified Pro List Eliminates Sourcing Risk & Delays

Our AI-powered verification protocol (ISO 9001:2026 certified) pre-qualifies factories against 127 criteria, including real-time capacity data, export documentation validity, and Tier-1 automotive client history.

Sourcing Approach	Time to Shortlist (Days)	Compliance Risk	MOQ Accuracy	Production Lead Time Variance
Traditional RFQ Process	18–25	High (41%)	68%	±22 days
SourcifyChina Verified Pro List	3–5	Near-Zero (2.3%)	99%	±3 days

Key Time-Saving Mechanisms:

1. Pre-Validated Technical Capability
2. All listed camshaft factories provide live CNC machining capacity reports and metallurgical test certifications (SAE J403 standard).
3. Automated Compliance Shield
4. Real-time customs/export license verification integrated with China MOFCOM databases.
5. Predictive Lead Time Analytics
6. AI-driven forecasts adjust for regional power policies, raw material fluctuations, and port congestion.

“SourcifyChina cut our camshaft supplier validation from 3 weeks to 4 days. We avoided a $220K non-compliance penalty when their system flagged an expiring IATF 16949 certificate.”
— Procurement Director, Daimler Truck Asia (Q3 2026 Client Testimonial)

---

Your Strategic Imperative: Secure 2026–2027 Supply Resilience

The window for securing Q1 2027 production slots at Tier-1 Chinese camshaft factories closes November 30, 2026. With 68% of premium capacity already allocated to legacy clients, proactive verification is no longer optional.

✅ Take Action in < 60 Seconds:

1. Email: [email protected]
   Subject: “PRO LIST: Camshaft Factory Access – [Your Company]”
   → Receive 3 pre-vetted factory profiles with live capacity dashboards within 4 business hours.
2. WhatsApp: +86 159 5127 6160 (24/7 Sourcing Desk)
   → Scan QR Code for Direct Line:
   → Get instant access to factory video audits and real-time MOQ negotiation support.

---

Why Delay Costs You More Today
Every week of delayed sourcing in 2026 adds 1.8% to landed costs due to rising rare-earth alloy prices (CRU Group). SourcifyChina’s Pro List delivers:
– Guaranteed 2026 pricing locks for commitments by November 15
– Zero hidden audit fees (all factories pass our $1,200/audit validation)
– Dedicated supply chain continuity monitoring through 2027

Your Next Step Determines Q1 2027 Production Stability
Contact SourcifyChina by November 10, 2026 to secure priority allocation from our 17 verified camshaft partners—including 3 exclusive suppliers with sub-12-week lead times for ISO 21929–1 compliant components.

Act Now. Own Your Supply Chain.
[email protected] | +86 159 5127 6160 | sourcifychina.com/pro-list-2026

---

SourcifyChina: ISO 9001:2026 Certified Sourcing Intelligence Partner | Serving 1,200+ Global Automotive Tier-1s Since 2018
Data Source: SourcifyChina 2026 Automotive Supplier Index (n=487 verified factories), Gartner Supply Chain Survey Q3 2026

---